Mime Type（Content-Type）
MIME Type介绍 Content-Type 各种定义
多用途互联网邮件扩展（MIME，Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions）是一个互联网标准，它扩展了电子邮件标准，使其能够支持非ASCII字符、二进制格式附件等多种格式的邮件消息。在万维网中使用的HTTP协议中也使用了MIME的框架，标准被扩展为互联网媒体类型。通常来说，浏览器通过MIME Type区分不同的媒体资源。目前版本：1.0。
MIME Type是经由IETF组织协商，以RFC形式作为建议标准发布在网上，通常只有一些在互联网上获得广泛应用的格式才会获得一个 MIME Type，如果是某个客户端自己定义的格式，一般只能以application/x- 开头。处理本地的文件，在没有人告诉浏览器某个文件的MIME Type的情况下，浏览器也会做一些默认的处理，这可能和在操作系统中给文件配置的MIME Type有关。
在HTTP中，MIME Type类型被定义在Content-Type header中，每个MIME类型由3部分组成：Content-Type: [type]/[subtype]，前者是数据大类别，后者定义具体的种类。
通过文件扩展名获取ContentType
import lombok.Getter;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
/**
* 通过文件扩展名获取ContentType
*/
@Getter
public enum MimeTypeEnum {
AAC("acc", "AAC音频", "audio/aac"),
ABW("abw", "AbiWord文件", "application/x-abiword"),
ARC("arc", "存档文件", "application/x-freearc"),
AVI("avi", "音频视频交错格式", "video/x-msvideo"),
AZW("azw", "亚马逊Kindle电子书格式", "application/vnd.amazon.ebook"),
BIN("bin", "任何类型的二进制数据", "application/octet-stream"),
BMP("bmp", "Windows OS / 2位图图形", "image/bmp"),
BZ("bz", "BZip存档", "application/x-bzip"),
BZ2("bz2", "BZip2存档", "application/x-bzip2"),
CSH("csh", "C-Shell脚本", "application/x-csh"),
css("css", "级联样式表（CSS）", "text/css"),
CSV("csv", "逗号分隔值（CSV）", "text/csv"),
DOC("doc", "微软Word文件", "application/msword"),
DOCX("docx", "Microsoft Word（OpenXML）", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"),
EOT("eot", "MS Embedded OpenType字体", "application/vnd.ms-fontobject"),
EPUB("epub", "电子出版物（EPUB）", "application/epub+zip"),
GZ("gz", "GZip压缩档案", "application/gzip"),
GIF("gif", "图形交换格式（GIF）", "image/gif"),
HTM("htm", "超文本标记语言（html）", "text/html"),
HTML("html", "超文本标记语言（HTML）", "text/html"),
ICO("ico", "图标格式", "image/vnd.microsoft.icon"),
ICS("ics", "iCalendar格式", "text/calendar"),
JAR("jar", "java存档", "application/java-archive"),
JPEG("jpeg", "JPEG图像", "image/jpeg"),
JPG("jpg", "JPEG图像", "image/jpeg"),
js("js", "JavaScript", "text/javascript"),
JSON("json", "JSON格式", "application/json"),
JSONLD("jsonld", "JSON-LD格式", "application/ld+json"),
MID("mid", "乐器数字接口（MIDI）", "audio/midi"),
MIDI("midi", "乐器数字接口（MIDI）", "audio/midi"),
MJS("mjs", "JavaScript模块", "text/javascript"),
MP3("mp3", "MP3音频", "audio/mpeg"),
MPEG("mpeg", "MPEG视频", "video/mpeg"),
MPKG("mpkg", "苹果安装程序包", "application/vnd.apple.installer+xml"),
ODP("odp", "OpenDocument演示文稿文档", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation"),
ODS("ods", "OpenDocument电子表格文档", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet"),
ODT("odt", "OpenDocument文字文件", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text"),
OGA("oga", "OGG音讯", "audio/ogg"),
OGV("ogv", "OGG视频", "video/ogg"),
OGX("ogx", "OGG", "application/ogg"),
OPUS("opus", "OPUS音频", "audio/opus"),
OTF("otf", "otf字体", "font/otf"),
PNG("png", "便携式网络图形", "image/png"),
PDF("pdf", "Adobe 可移植文档格式（PDF）", "application/pdf"),
PHP("php", "php", "application/x-httpd-php"),
PPT("ppt", "Microsoft PowerPoint", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"),
PPTX("pptx", "Microsoft PowerPoint（OpenXML）", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"),
RAR("rar", "RAR档案", "application/vnd.rar"),
RTF("rtf", "富文本格式", "application/rtf"),
SH("sh", "Bourne Shell脚本", "application/x-sh"),
SVG("svg", "可缩放矢量图形（SVG）", "image/svg+xml"),
SWF("swf", "小型Web格式（SWF）或Adobe Flash文档", "application/x-shockwave-flash"),
TAR("tar", "磁带存档（TAR）", "application/x-tar"),
TIF("tif", "标记图像文件格式（TIFF）", "image/tiff"),
TIFF("tiff", "标记图像文件格式（TIFF）", "image/tiff"),
TS("ts", "MPEG传输流", "video/mp2t"),
TTF("ttf", "ttf字体", "font/ttf"),
TXT("txt", "文本（通常为ASCII或ISO 8859- n", "text/plain"),
VSD("vsd", "微软Visio", "application/vnd.visio"),
WAV("wav", "波形音频格式", "audio/wav"),
WEBA("weba", "WEBM音频", "audio/webm"),
WEBM("webm", "WEBM视频", "video/webm"),
WEBP("webp", "WEBP图像", "image/webp"),
WOFF("woff", "Web开放字体格式（WOFF）", "font/woff"),
WOFF2("woff2", "Web开放字体格式（WOFF）", "font/woff2"),
XHTML("xhtml", "XHTML", "application/xhtml+xml"),
XLS("xls", "微软excel", "application/vnd.ms-excel"),
XLSX("xlsx", "微软Excel（OpenXML）", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"),
XML("xml", "XML", "application/xml"),
XUL("xul", "XUL", "application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml"),
ZIP("zip", "ZIP", "application/zip"),
MIME_3GP("3gp", "3GPP audio/video container", "video/3gpp"),
MIME_3GP_WITHOUT_VIDEO("3gp", "3GPP audio/video container doesn't contain video", "audio/3gpp2"),
MIME_3G2("3g2", "3GPP2 audio/video container", "video/3gpp2"),
MIME_3G2_WITHOUT_VIDEO("3g2", "3GPP2 audio/video container doesn't contain video", "audio/3gpp2"),
MIME_7Z("7z", "7-zip存档", "application/x-7z-compressed");
//扩展名
private final String extension;
//说明
private final String explain;
//contentType/mime类型
private final String mimeType;
/**
* @param extension 上传的文件扩展名
* @param explain 类型说明
* @param mimeType Mime对应的类型
*/
MimeTypeEnum(String extension, String explain, String mimeType) {
this.extension = extension;
this.explain = explain;
this.mimeType = mimeType;
}
/**
* 通过扩展名获取枚举类型
*
* @param extension 扩展名
* @return 枚举类
*/
public static MimeTypeEnum getByExtension(String extension) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(extension)) {
return null;
}
for (MimeTypeEnum typesEnum : MimeTypeEnum.values()) {
if (extension.equals(typesEnum.getExtension())) {
return typesEnum;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Content-Type常用对照
* 根据后缀获取Mime
*
* @param fileType 扩展名
* @return mime类型
*/
public static String getContentType(String fileType) {
MimeTypeEnum mimeTypeEnum = MimeTypeEnum.getByExtension(fileType);
if (mimeTypeEnum != null) {
return mimeTypeEnum.getMimeType();
}
return "application/octet-stream";
}
}
根据文件获取MimeType的几种方式
<!-- hutool-all --> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId> <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId> <version>5.6.5</version> </dependency> <!-- commons.lang3--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.7</version> </dependency> <!-- fastjson --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.79</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>net.sf.jmimemagic</groupId> <artifactId>jmimemagic</artifactId> <version>0.1.4</version> </dependency>
import cn.hutool.core.io.FileUtil;
import net.sf.jmimemagic.*;
import javax.activation.MimetypesFileTypeMap;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.FileNameMap;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.file.Files;
public class MimeTypeDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = FileUtil.file("d:/001.jpg");
// 第一种方式
String mimeType1 = "";
try {
Magic parser = new Magic();
MagicMatch match = parser.getMagicMatch(file, false);
mimeType1 = match.getMimeType();
} catch (MagicParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MagicMatchNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MagicException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("第一种方式: " + mimeType1);
// 第二种方式
String mimeType2 = new MimetypesFileTypeMap().getContentType(file);
System.out.println("第二种方式: " + mimeType2);
// 第三种方式
String mimeType3 = "";
try {
mimeType3 = Files.probeContentType(file.toPath());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("第三种方式: " + mimeType3);
// 第四种方式
FileNameMap fileNameMap = URLConnection.getFileNameMap();
String mimeType4 = fileNameMap.getContentTypeFor(file.getParent());
System.out.println("第四种方式: " + mimeType4);
// 通过文件扩展名获取ContentType
MimeTypeEnum mimeTypeEnum = MimeTypeEnum.getByExtension("jpg");
System.out.println(mimeTypeEnum.getExplain()+ " , "+mimeTypeEnum.getMimeType()+ " , "+mimeTypeEnum.getExtension());
}
}
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